child custody statistics by gender uk child custody statistics by gender uk

However, these data have been extracted from large administrative and survey data systems generated by the courts, police forces and other agencies. Please note that the data for the Open Data for June 2021 has been amended. Supplementary Excel (in an Open .ods format) tables accompany the chapters, providing additional data where the figures have not previously been published (or not published in that form). Youth custody report for July 2016 published. This varies by offence type, females accounted for a higher proportion of prosecutions for summary offences (29%) than indictable offences (14%). Other defendants such as companies and public bodies are also excluded. Figure 5.02: Individuals dealt with formally by the CJS, by sex, 2015 to 2019. Of the cases where the sex of the individual being detained was recorded, 45% were female and 55% were male. A lower proportion of females paid their PNDs in full (47%) compared to males (51%) and had a slightly higher proportion of fines registered (36% compared to 35%). Previously mothers had no rights at all over their children if the marriage broke down. As with personal crime, a greater proportion of males were victims, than females (3.6% and 1.4%, respectively). The study relied solely on electronically available published opinions in child custody cases (n = 4,338). Therefore, to ensure comparability with previous years, these police forces are excluded from arrests analyses. , The cautioning rate is the number of offenders who were given a caution divided by the number who were either cautioned or convicted (excluding summary motoring offences). Caution data cannot be split by simple and conditional, and data broken down by sex is not available for cannabis and khat warnings or community resolutions, therefore these will not be included in the totals. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. The matched cohort data also provided information on the proportion of those sentenced/cautioned that have a history of being persistently absent[footnote 110] from school, have a previous record of being permanently excluded[footnote 111] from school, or have received a fixed period exclusion[footnote 112], at any point during KS4. Youth custody statistics for September 2013 published. If there is conviction information available, the suspect with the longest sentence/most serious conviction is determined as the principal suspect. Youth custody report for August 2016 published. CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk. , This is not including the 96 victims of the Hillsborough disaster in 2016/17, where 89 were male and 7, female. , The data in this section relates to persons remanded in each completed court case rather than to the number of remand decisions (a person may be remanded several times during a case). Refer to https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/930457/Guide-to-proven-reoffending_Oct20.pdf for further details on methodology. Youth custody data for June 2016 published. It is the Ministry of Justices responsibility to maintain compliance with the standards expected for National Statistics. Figure 8.05: Custody rate by sex for indictable offences with the highest number of female offenders sentenced, England and Wales, 2019. Figure 4.04: Percentage of Penalty Notices for Disorder issued, by offence and sex, 2019. Youth Custody report for June 2013 published. Female representation within MoJ and CPS remained constant. In comparison, 21,500 males were remanded in custody at the Crown Court for indictable offences: 72% of these were White, 14% were Black, 7% were Asian, 4% were Mixed and 2% were Chinese and Other. Father-headed households 400,000 families were headed by lone fathers in 2012, representing 13.5% of all single-parent households in the UK according to the Office for National Statistics. , For both indictable and summary offences. However, given the range of recording practises (see technical guide for details) throughout the CJS, it is likely that most recording includes a mixture of physiological and personal identity. The number of PNDs issued has continued to decline over the last 5 years, falling from 47,400 in 2015 by 58% to 19,800 in 2019. This has remained broadly stable since 2015. When split by sex, larger percentage decreases were seen over the last 5 years for female adults (25%) and children (31%) compared to males (21% and 26% respectively). , Where sex is known. It draws upon published extracts of human resources records for the police (2019/20), Ministry of Justice (MoJ; 2018/19), Crown Prosecution Service (CPS; 2018/19), Her Majestys Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS; 2019/20), magistracy[footnote 119] and judiciary[footnote 120]. Females also consistently had a higher guilty plea rate for indictable offences. Previous data representing ages 16-59 are therefore incomparable to data after April 2017. The largest increase in female representation was seen in court judges by 5 percentage points, to 32%. 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to G, including English & Maths. Youth custody data for December 2016 published. Over the last 5 years at Crown Court, there was a steady increase in the proportion of both male and female defendants who were not remanded, with a gradual increase of the proportion remanded in custody, offset by a decrease in the proportion of those bailed. This was much higher than the proportion of all year 11 pupils who had SEN without a statement (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 108] (13% for young females and 18% for young males) and 2014/15[footnote 109] (10% for both young females and 14% for young males). In homicides where the principal suspect was known to the victim, 67% of cases with female victims suspected the partner/ex-partner. Further information on other strands of defendants prosecuted for domestic abuse, rape and child abuse can be found in the CPS Quarterly Data Summaries Quarter 4 2019/20[footnote 6]. , Where there were multiple offences on the same occasion, only the primary offence as recorded on the Police National Computer (PNC) would be counted. , This section looks at indictable offences only. This publication is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/women-and-the-criminal-justice-system-2019/women-and-the-criminal-justice-system-2019. There is only ever one principal suspect per homicide victim. The proportion of ineffective and cracked trials was higher for females (20% and 37%) than males (16% and 33%) in 2019. Between 2015 and 2019 there was a rise in proportion of defendants electing to be tried at the Crown Court, up 7 percentage points for females and 8 percentage points for males. In 2017, the aggregate amount of child support that was expected for receipt was $30 billion; 62% of that amount was actually received, averaging $3,431 per custodial parent. Of the sentenced prison population, sentences can be divided into two broad groups: determinate sentences which are for a fixed period, and indeterminate sentences (these include life sentences and indeterminate sentences for public protection IPPs). Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. , Fast Delivery PSR (written) Normally completed on day of request and must be completed within 5 days. Across all disposals, a larger proportion of young males had a record of receiving a fixed period exclusion compared to young females. These single parents are raising as many as 22.4 million children. GillespieShields. A first time offender is an offender who has been arrested by police in England or Wales; and who has received a first conviction, caution or youth caution for any offence[footnote 87] recorded on the Police National Computer. Youth justice custody report - August 2014 published. The HMPPS Offender Equalities report 2019/20 (released on the same day as this report) also includes information on: Mother and Baby units, Sexual Orientation in the Prison Population, Accredited Programmes, Incentives and Earned Privileges and Electronic Monitoring. Tests for statistical significance are published in the Victims tables alongside this report. The number of children prosecuted for indictable offences has fallen by 29% since 2015, compared to the 25% decrease seen in adult prosecutions. Youth custody data for March 2017 published. Offenders under supervision or in custody, Check benefits and financial support you can get, Find out about the Energy Bills Support Scheme, Women and the Criminal Justice System 2019, nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3, Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW): year ending March 2020, Homicide in England and Wales: year ending March 2019, Domestic abuse in England and Wales: year ending March 2019, Nature of Violent Crime in England and Wales: year ending March 2019, CPS Quarterly Data Summaries Quarter 4 2019/20, Police Powers and Procedures, England and Wales, year ending 31 March 2020, Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019, Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2019, Probation (Community Orders and Suspended Sentence Orders), Discipline in Prison Establishments (Adjudications), Her Majestys Prison and Probation Service, https://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/code-of-practice/, Crime in England and Wales Annual Trend and Demographic Tables, Nature of Violent Crime, England and Wales: year ending 2019 (appendix tables), Criminal Court Statistics (annual): January to March 2020, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/criminal-court-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2020/criminal-court-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2020, Criminal Court Statistics (quarterly): January to March 2020, Offender management statistics quarterly: January to March 2019, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/930457/Guide-to-proven-reoffending_Oct20.pdf, Source: GCSE and equivalent results: 2013 to 2014 (revised) National tables: Table 3a: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils at the end of key stage 4 by type of school and gender, Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Main national tables: Table 3a: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils at the end of key stage 4 by type of school and gender, Source: GCSE and equivalent attainment by pupil characteristics: 2014 - National and local authority tables: Table 1, Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Characteristics national tables: Table CH1: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils and the end of key stage 4 by pupil characteristics. Youth custody data for July 2015 published. In 2019, Black males were particularly over represented, accounting for 12% of all male prosecutions. Offenders with 1 to 14 previous cautions or convictions accounted for 51% of all offenders in 2019, 86% were male, compared to 14% who were female. , Fast Delivery PSR (oral) The Criminal Justice Act 2003 removed the requirement for all PSRs to be written. The highest frequency rate was observed amongst female offenders aged 30 to 34, at 4.83, whilst for male offenders, it was highest in both the 30-34 and 35-39 age groups, at 4.44 reoffences per reoffender. In 2019, male children had an ACSL of 19.1 months and female children had an ACSL of 19.0 months. Figure 7.07: Proportion of males and female offenders by offending history, England and Wales, 2015 and 2019. Among young females who were dealt with by a community penalty, 90% had a record of persistent absence, compared to 82% of young males; a 9 percentage point difference. This proportions differ from the total prison population, which were 95% and 5% respectively. SEN support replaces school action and school action plus but some pupils remain with these provision types in first year of transition. However, the proportion of senior staff who were female was lower than the proportion of staff at all grades across the CJS organisations considered in this section. Over a three-year timeseries, a larger proportion of males aged 16-59 had experienced only one form of abuse in the last year (84.6%) compared to females the same age (77.9%)[footnote 18]. As at 30 June 2019, 5% of the prison population were female, this proportion has remained stable for the last 5 years. , Excluding companies and those of unknown sex, which accounted for 10% of the total number of defendants in 2019. The overall style and composition of the report have also been changed to align with Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2018, with the intention of making it easier for readers to interpret the relative experiences of males and females throughout the CJS. Significantly more females were victim to theft from the person, than males. As with PNDs, a larger proportion of female offenders were cautioned for theft offences (19% compared to 10% for males) whereas a larger proportion of male offenders were cautioned for drug offences (27% compared to 13% for females). Males were proportionately more likely to be victims of homicide in public places, notably on the street (males: 30%; females: 6%). Of all female prosecutions, 56% were brought forward by a prosecuting authority other than the police, compared to 23% for male defendants. , Analysis of attainment data focuses on those sentenced/cautioned that were at the end of KS4 in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 academic years. Overall, of the young offenders sentenced/cautioned, a larger proportion of young males (14%) had been permanently excluded compared to young females (10%). , Source: GCSE and equivalent attainment by pupil characteristics: 2014 - National and local authority tables: Table 1, Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Characteristics national tables: Table CH1: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils and the end of key stage 4 by pupil characteristics. Her Majestys Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS) Equalities report was also released on the same day as this report. Sex can be considered to refer to whether someone is male or female based on their physiology, with gender representing a social construct or sense of self that takes a wider range of forms. Violent crime was most prevalent in the 16-24 age group (Figure 3.02). These data comes from the Child Support Supplement to the April 2018 Current Population Survey (CPS). The indictable offences with the highest proportion of females among those convicted in 2019 were: Cruelty to or neglect of children females made up 60% of the 427 convictions in 2019, the same proportion as in 2015. In 2019, the number of individuals who self-harmed per 1,000 prisoners was 335 for females and 148 for males[footnote 67]. The majority of female homicides took place in or around a house/dwelling (71%), whereas only 39% of male homicides took place here. Here are a few examples, per the U.S. Census Bureau's 2020 study: 41.6% of custodial mothers are 40 years old or older. Youth custody report: September 2017 published. Young males receiving less than 12 months in custody were less likely to receive any pass in GCSEs than young females (60% v 67%). Conveyance of drugs or weapons into or out of prison females made up 53% of 324 convictions in 2019, up 8 pp since 2015. Over the last 5 years, there have been increases in female representation across almost all CJS organisations and in the proportion of senior staff. You have accepted additional cookies. In 2019, the median average days from the offence to the completion of the criminal case was 153 days for females and 162 for males. National Statistics status can be removed at any point when the highest standards are not maintained and reinstated when standards are restored. Drunk and disorderly accounted for the highest proportion of PNDs issued for both males and females in 2019. , Statistics used are from the CSEW 2019/20 unless stated otherwise; when differences are not referred to as statistically significant these are either not statistically significantly different, or differences have not been tested. Data mentioned can be found on the page linked. All official statistics should comply with all aspects of the Code of Practice for Statistics. Large figures are generally presented rounded to the nearest thousand, and percentages to the nearest percentage point in the bulletin text (or however is most appropriate). Where figures have been published, links are provided as part of the text and tables. like child support and child custody, contested. Females had a higher average number of reoffences per reoffender compared to males, at 4.33 and 3.99, respectively. Having a SEN statement may indicate a higher level of need. Court bail includes those remanded on bail at any stage of proceedings at magistrates or Crown Court who were never remanded in custody but who may also have been not remanded at some stage of those proceedings. This idea was developed in the 1980s by Richard Gardner, a crank psychiatrist who thought child sexual abuse is not necessarily traumatic, and that mothers who don't fulfil their partners. , Proven reoffending statistics are reported based on cohorts of offenders who are released from custody, received a non-custodial conviction at court, or received a caution within a three-month period. 2019/20 saw a fall in the prevalence of sexual assault in the last year for women aged 16 to 74 (3.7% in 2018/19 to 2.9% in 2019/20). This report is a compendium of information from a range of data sources from across the CJS on the representation of females (and males) among victims, suspects, defendants and offenders. If you use assistive technology (such as a screen reader) and need a We also use cookies set by other sites to help us deliver content from their services. For each age range from 21 and over, males consistently had a larger number of prosecutions (approximately three times more). Ministry of Justice, 3rd Floor, 10 South Colonnade, London, E14 4PU, General enquiries about the statistical work of the Ministry of Justice can be e-mailed to: ESD@justice.gov.uk, The structure and content of this report is continually being reviewed to reflect user requirements. A higher proportion of males were proceeded against for indictable offences (22%) compared to females (10%). Of the 62,800 offenders released from prison sentences in 2019, 91% were male and 9% female. , This section excludes those where sex is not stated and other defendants such as companies and public bodies in total these accounted for 10% of all defendants in 2019. We are trialling the publication of this statistical bulletin in HTML format alongside the usual PDF version and we are seeking user feedback on the use of HTML for the publication of statistical bulletins. For more detailed analysis on out of court disposals, see Chapter 4: Police Activity. Adults of both sexes aged 16-24 reported the highest prevalence of personal crime in 2019/20, with the proportion generally /decreasing with increasing age. Benefit fraud females made up 58% of the 1160 convictions for indictable benefit fraud offences up 2 pp from 2015. A proven reoffence is defined as any offence committed in a one-year follow-up period that leads to a court conviction, caution, reprimand or warning within that year or within a further six-month waiting period to allow the offence to be proven in court. For example, an offender who had a conviction or caution outside England and Wales and was arrested by a police force in England and Wales would be counted as a first time offender. , Questions on the offence category Causing sexual activity without consent were removed from the CSEW 2019/20, therefore the total category of any sexual assault (including attempts) no longer includes this category. Of the 34,300 defendants convicted for shoplifting, 9,600 (28%) were female. , Figures refers only to those with known ethnicity; for this group, ethnicity coverage was 72% in 2019. Youth custody data for January 2016 published. The biggest difference between males and females in median days from offence to completion is the 102 days more (25%) for females in fraud offence cases, which can be explained by the 108 days higher offence to charge for females in comparison to males. Figure 5.13: Average custodial sentence length, by sex, 2015 to 2019. This includes those aged under 18 and 18 year olds. When a suspect is formally charged, they are brought before a magistrates court (as a defendant) as soon as possible. Report and data for December 2017 published. Figure 5.09: The level of concordance between sentences proposed and outcomes for female and male offenders, by sentence type, 2019[footnote 56]. A fixed period exclusion can involve a part of the school day and it does not have to be for a continuous period. A higher proportion of female offenders were first time offenders, compared to males. All data refers to this age group throughout the section, unless stated otherwise. Court judges have seen similar increases to 26% female staff, largely driven by High Court Judge appointments. , Only two sentence length categories have been used for analysis of the MoJ-DfE data due to small volumes when the data is broken down. , The overall increase in ACSL may be connected to changes in sentencing guidelines see accompanying technical guide for further details. Reported in the Judicial Diversity Statistics 2020 publication, the quoted figures cover all court judges, i.e. Youth custody report for May 2016 published. Fines accounted for 34% of females sentenced in 2019 and 33% received a community sentence, compared with 44% and 30% for males. As at 30 June 2019, 15% of females and 6% of males were serving sentences of less than 12 months. Please refer to the accompanying technical guide for further details. In contrast, a higher proportion of male than female first time offenders were cautioned or convicted for drug offences over the last 5 years (13% and 5% respectively in 2019). In 2019, 1.07 million offenders were sentenced, of which 27% were female, a proportion which has remained stable over the last 5 years. , Domestic abuse is made up of partner or family non-physical abuse, threats, force, sexual assault or stalking. Monthly statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within the secure estate. Ethnic minority groups accounted for a higher proportion of prosecutions against males compared to females. The largest difference between genders in proportions of persistent absence was seen for those who were dealt with by a community penalty. Youth Custody Report for July 2013 published. Cannabis warnings and community resolutions will not be considered when looking at out of court disposals because they are not recorded by sex. Young females who were sentenced to custody for more than 12 months had a 73% proportion with SEN without a statement compared to 65% for young males. As discussed in Chapter 5: Defendants, in 2019, 26% of individuals[footnote 113] prosecuted in England and Wales were female[footnote 114]. The data described comes from various sources including the Home Office. Receipt of subsequent information which alters our understanding of previous periods (for example late recording on one of the administrative IT systems used operationally). , Data is from CSEW 2019 annual supplementary tables. Every effort is made to ensure that the figures presented are accurate and complete. Male children reported a significantly higher proportion of being a victim of a CSEW crime at 9.0%, compared to 4.0% of females[footnote 7][footnote 8]. Police station advice and magistrates court representation constitute the majority of the total crime lower work load (97%). The Authority considers whether the statistics meet the highest standards of Code compliance, including the value they add to public decisions and debate. The most recent annual reoffending data available is for the 2017/18 (i.e. , A SEN statement is a document which sets out a childs SEN and any additional help that the child should receive. As at 30 June 2019, there were 9,100 prisoners held on remand (unsentenced), 6% of the prison population held on remand were female and this proportion was stable over the last 5 years. There was an increase in the number of females prosecuted for violence against the person offences. , From April 2017, the upper age limit for the self-completion module was increased to ask all respondents aged 16 to 74.